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Joseph H. Jackson
Joseph Harrison Jackson (1900〔Reverend J.H. Jackson Papers (Chicago History Museum) "Biographical Sketch of J.H. Jackson, President of the National Baptist Convention, U.S.A., Inc.," circa 1980, box 3/folder 6. http://bmrcprocessingproject.uchicago.edu/finding_aids〕 – August 1990) was an American pastor and the longest serving President of the National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc.
The civil rights movement of the 1950s and 1960s was highly controversial in many black churches, where the minister preached spiritual salvation rather than political activism. The National Baptist Convention became deeply split; Jackson had supported the Montgomery bus boycott of 1956, but by 1960 he told his denomination they should not become involved in civil rights activism. Jackson was based in Chicago and was a close ally of Mayor Richard J. Daley and the Chicago Democratic machine against the efforts of Martin Luther King, Jr.. In the end, Jackson prevailed. Yet, surprisingly, it was a former son of Olivet (by J. H. Jackson ) L. Venchael Booth, whom Jackson would later install as pastor of First Baptist Church of Gary in September of 1944, who issued the founding call for what became a rival group, Progressive National Baptist Convention. The PNBC became the "household of the civil rights movement among Black Baptists," and the frontline supporters of the extensive activism of the King's Southern Christian Leadership Conference.〔 William D. Booth, A Call To Greatness: The Story of the Founding of the Progressive National Baptist Convention (2001) pp.19-21. 〕〔Patrick Allitt, ''Religion in America since 1945: A History'' (2003) p 51〕 Jackson's vocal stance for "civil rights through law and order" went in direct opposition to the methods of civil disobedience advocated by King.
==Life and ministry==
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